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IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics
Objectives and Scope IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics is published with both online and print versions. The journal covers the frontier issues in the applied mathematics and their applications in business, industry, science and other subjects. Applied Mathematics is a branch of mathematics that concerns itself with the connections between mathematics and other domains with the applications of the mathematical knowledge. A broad spectrum of applied mathematics is covered by the journal. The subjects include differential equations (ODEs and PDEs), numerical analysis, scientific computing, approximation theory and representation theory, matrix theory, mathematical physics, mathematical methods of engineering, optimization, operations research, linear and nonlinear programming, continuous modelling control theory, mathematical biology, bioinformatics, information theory, game theory, probability, mathematical economics, financial mathematics, actuarial science, cryptography, graph theory, statistics, theoretical computer science, stochastic systems theory, neuroscience, mechanics of solids, materials science and fluids etc. Printed copies of the journal are distributed to accredited universities and government libraries. All the papers in the journal are also available freely with online full-text content and permanent worldwide web link. The abstracts will be indexed and available at major academic databases. ISSN: 1992-9986 (online version); 1992-9978 (print version) Subject Category: Applied Mathematics Published by: International Association of Engineers
Contents: Volume 55 Issue 10 (Online version available: 1 October 2025) [Cover page] [Table of Content]
JOURNAL PAPERS: Research on the Coupling of Dual Layer Collaborative Network between Public Transport and Subway in Urban High Passenger Flow Areas Han Pu, and Jiangpeng Wang IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3092-3103 [Online Full Text] Han Pu, and Jiangpeng Wang, "Research on the Coupling of Dual Layer Collaborative Network between Public Transport and Subway in Urban High Passenger Flow Areas," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3092-3103, 2025
Optimizing Parallel-Series Configurations for Reliability: Enhancing Integrated Redundancy Sridhar Akiri, Bhavani Kapu, Peddi Phani Bushan Rao, Arun Kumar Saripalli, and Christophe Chesneau IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3104-3111 [Online Full Text] Sridhar Akiri, Bhavani Kapu, Peddi Phani Bushan Rao, Arun Kumar Saripalli, and Christophe Chesneau, "Optimizing Parallel-Series Configurations for Reliability: Enhancing Integrated Redundancy," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3104-3111, 2025
Technology Licensing Decision-Making Among Competitive Automakers Considering Government Subsidy: A Technological Innovation Diffusion Perspective Miao-Miao Wang, and Meng-Ying Li IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3112-3127 [Online Full Text] Miao-Miao Wang, and Meng-Ying Li, "Technology Licensing Decision-Making Among Competitive Automakers Considering Government Subsidy: A Technological Innovation Diffusion Perspective," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3112-3127, 2025
Global Dynamics of Delayed HIV Model with Two Transmission Modes, Nonlinear Incidence Rate and CTL Immunity Impairment Chengjun Kang IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3128-3134 [Online Full Text] Chengjun Kang, "Global Dynamics of Delayed HIV Model with Two Transmission Modes, Nonlinear Incidence Rate and CTL Immunity Impairment," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3128-3134, 2025
SARIMA Modeling with a State Space Approach for Tax Revenue Forecasting Ayu Indriani, I Gede Nyoman Mindra Jaya, Budi Nurani Ruchjana, and Anna Chadidjah IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3135-3143 [Online Full Text] Ayu Indriani, I Gede Nyoman Mindra Jaya, Budi Nurani Ruchjana, and Anna Chadidjah, "SARIMA Modeling with a State Space Approach for Tax Revenue Forecasting," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3135-3143, 2025
Research on the Evolutionary Game of Safety Supervision in Coal Mining Enterprises under Different Reward and Punishment Mechanisms Yongzhao Wang, Bingqing Xie, Beiling Liu, and Lijun Zhou IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3144-3151 [Online Full Text] Yongzhao Wang, Bingqing Xie, Beiling Liu, and Lijun Zhou, "Research on the Evolutionary Game of Safety Supervision in Coal Mining Enterprises under Different Reward and Punishment Mechanisms," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3144-3151, 2025
Optimal Control and Qualitative Analysis of a Microbial Insecticide Model Tieying Wang IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3152-3157 [Online Full Text] Tieying Wang, "Optimal Control and Qualitative Analysis of a Microbial Insecticide Model," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3152-3157, 2025
Improving of the Clarke and Wright's Heuristic for Solving Multiobjective Vehicles Routing Problem Issouf Nikiema, Joseph Poda, and Kounhinir Some IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3158-3165 [Online Full Text] Issouf Nikiema, Joseph Poda, and Kounhinir Some, "Improving of the Clarke and Wright's Heuristic for Solving Multiobjective Vehicles Routing Problem," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3158-3165, 2025
A Study of the Impact of Asphalt Pavement Unevenness on Environmental and User Costs Chenghu Wu, and Dapeng Zhu IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3166-3172 [Online Full Text] Chenghu Wu, and Dapeng Zhu, "A Study of the Impact of Asphalt Pavement Unevenness on Environmental and User Costs," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3166-3172, 2025
Impulsive Synchronization of a New Supply Chain System Yang Peng, Zhen Yang, Xuhang Li, and Changhan Li IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3173-3179 [Online Full Text] Yang Peng, Zhen Yang, Xuhang Li, and Changhan Li, "Impulsive Synchronization of a New Supply Chain System," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3173-3179, 2025
Functional Analytic Approximations via Generalized Variational Iteration for Incompressible Time-Asymmetric Evolution Systems Abdulhameed Qahtan Abbood Altai IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3180-3206 [Online Full Text] Abdulhameed Qahtan Abbood Altai, "Functional Analytic Approximations via Generalized Variational Iteration for Incompressible Time-Asymmetric Evolution Systems," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3180-3206, 2025
Evaluation of Business Competence of Elevator Inspectors Based on Combination-Variable Weights Lei Qin, Zhen Meng, and Yu Hu IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3207-3218 [Online Full Text] Lei Qin, Zhen Meng, and Yu Hu, "Evaluation of Business Competence of Elevator Inspectors Based on Combination-Variable Weights," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3207-3218, 2025
VTRNet: A Design Method for a Hybrid Data Center Network Structure Supporting Visible Light Communication Ying Du, Yaru Li, Pu Cheng, Hui Li, Weibei Fan, and Roshan Kumar IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3219-3230 [Online Full Text] Ying Du, Yaru Li, Pu Cheng, Hui Li, Weibei Fan, and Roshan Kumar, "VTRNet: A Design Method for a Hybrid Data Center Network Structure Supporting Visible Light Communication," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3219-3230, 2025
Lexicographic Ordering in n-dimensional Space: Exploring Completeness Properties Endang Cahya Mulyaning A., Edi Cahyono, Al Azhary Masta, Sofihara Al Hazmy, and Fatima A. Hikmat IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3231-3241 [Online Full Text] Endang Cahya Mulyaning A., Edi Cahyono, Al Azhary Masta, Sofihara Al Hazmy, and Fatima A. Hikmat, "Lexicographic Ordering in n-dimensional Space: Exploring Completeness Properties," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3231-3241, 2025
Reinforcement Learning-Based Optimization of Capacity Configuration for Photovoltaic Energy Storage Charging Stations Yang Liu, Mingda Song, Hengyu Liu, Zuoxia Xing, Qiwen Li, and An Zhu IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3242-3251 [Online Full Text] Yang Liu, Mingda Song, Hengyu Liu, Zuoxia Xing, Qiwen Li, and An Zhu, "Reinforcement Learning-Based Optimization of Capacity Configuration for Photovoltaic Energy Storage Charging Stations," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3242-3251, 2025
Research on the AR(P) Change Point Model with Unequal Variances before and after the Sequence Jibin Yang, Fang Yu, Guodong Li, and Shuo Li IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3252-3261 [Online Full Text] Jibin Yang, Fang Yu, Guodong Li, and Shuo Li, "Research on the AR(P) Change Point Model with Unequal Variances before and after the Sequence," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3252-3261, 2025
A Recursive Computational Approach for Determining Axial Forces in Straight-walled Arch Tunnel Linings, Accounting for Elastic Resistance Influences Rongbin Huang, and Hongbing Guo IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3262-3268 [Online Full Text] Rongbin Huang, and Hongbing Guo, "A Recursive Computational Approach for Determining Axial Forces in Straight-walled Arch Tunnel Linings, Accounting for Elastic Resistance Influences," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3262-3268, 2025
Capturing Fat Tails and Regime Shifts in Indian Stock Returns: Evidence from EGARCH and Hidden Markov Models Jyoti Badge IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3269-3278 [Online Full Text] Jyoti Badge, "Capturing Fat Tails and Regime Shifts in Indian Stock Returns: Evidence from EGARCH and Hidden Markov Models," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3269-3278, 2025
Reliability Estimation in Stress Strength Model for Ailamujia Distribution Chunping Li, Huibing Hao, Xue Wang, and Mingyu Shen IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3279-3286 [Online Full Text] Chunping Li, Huibing Hao, Xue Wang, and Mingyu Shen, "Reliability Estimation in Stress Strength Model for Ailamujia Distribution," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3279-3286, 2025
Maximum Bound Principle and Energy-Stability-Preserving SPH Method for Solving the Allen-Cahn Equation Huanzhu Yang, Rahmatjan Imin, and Azhar Halik IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3287-3297 [Online Full Text] Huanzhu Yang, Rahmatjan Imin, and Azhar Halik, "Maximum Bound Principle and Energy-Stability-Preserving SPH Method for Solving the Allen-Cahn Equation," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3287-3297, 2025
Estimation of the Stress-Strength Reliability for Kumaraswamy Distribution Naser Odat IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3298-3303 [Online Full Text] Naser Odat, "Estimation of the Stress-Strength Reliability for Kumaraswamy Distribution," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3298-3303, 2025
An Efficient Elastic Net-based High Sparse Personalized and Low Redundancy Feature Selection Method with Missing Label for Multi-label Learning Yichun Liu, Qing Ai, Yuting Xu, and Bo Cui IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3304-3318 [Online Full Text] Yichun Liu, Qing Ai, Yuting Xu, and Bo Cui, "An Efficient Elastic Net-based High Sparse Personalized and Low Redundancy Feature Selection Method with Missing Label for Multi-label Learning," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3304-3318, 2025
Strategic Outsourcing and Value Chain Climbing Based on Pricing Competition under Stochastic Demand Yaqin Lin, Fei Wang, and Weiqiang Zhang IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3319-3336 [Online Full Text] Yaqin Lin, Fei Wang, and Weiqiang Zhang, "Strategic Outsourcing and Value Chain Climbing Based on Pricing Competition under Stochastic Demand," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3319-3336, 2025
The Updated Fama-French Model for Indonesia's Islamic Financial Markets Adhitya Ronnie Effendie, Restu Ananda Putra, Atina Husnaqilati, Danardono, Dimaz Andhika Putra, Victorius Chendryanto, and Jessica Tantri IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3337-3345 [Online Full Text] Adhitya Ronnie Effendie, Restu Ananda Putra, Atina Husnaqilati, Danardono, Dimaz Andhika Putra, Victorius Chendryanto, and Jessica Tantri, "The Updated Fama-French Model for Indonesia's Islamic Financial Markets," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3337-3345, 2025
Research on Maintenance Window Scheduling for Plateau Passenger-Freight Mixed Traffic Railways Lei Liu, Zhiqiang Tian, Bin Liu, Fuxia Wang, and Guofeng Sun IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3346-3356 [Online Full Text] Lei Liu, Zhiqiang Tian, Bin Liu, Fuxia Wang, and Guofeng Sun, "Research on Maintenance Window Scheduling for Plateau Passenger-Freight Mixed Traffic Railways," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3346-3356, 2025
Integrated Optimization of Train Timetabling and Rolling Stock Circulation for Urban Rail Transit Under Tidal Passenger Flow Yuxin Li, Changfeng Zhu, Yunqi Fu, Jie Wang, Linna Cheng, and Rongjie Kuang IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3357-3366 [Online Full Text] Yuxin Li, Changfeng Zhu, Yunqi Fu, Jie Wang, Linna Cheng, and Rongjie Kuang, "Integrated Optimization of Train Timetabling and Rolling Stock Circulation for Urban Rail Transit Under Tidal Passenger Flow," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3357-3366, 2025
Modeling a Lotka-Volterra Commensalism System with Prey Subject to Both Allee Effects and Linear Harvesting Kan Fang, and Xiaoying Chen IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3367-3375 [Online Full Text] Kan Fang, and Xiaoying Chen, "Modeling a Lotka-Volterra Commensalism System with Prey Subject to Both Allee Effects and Linear Harvesting," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3367-3375, 2025
Modelling of the Winding Process on Rewinding Machines Oleksandr Manoilenko, Vasyl Horobets, Mykola Rubanka, Serhiy Horiashchenko, Oleksii Volianyk, Volodymyr Dvorzhak, and Serhiy Pleshko IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3376-3383 [Online Full Text] Oleksandr Manoilenko, Vasyl Horobets, Mykola Rubanka, Serhiy Horiashchenko, Oleksii Volianyk, Volodymyr Dvorzhak, and Serhiy Pleshko, "Modelling of the Winding Process on Rewinding Machines," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3376-3383, 2025
From Causal Discovery to Risk Warning: An Interpretable Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks for Railway Dispatching Safety Siyu Cao, Xuelei Meng, Hao Peng, Qianyu Wang, Doudou Wang, and Tianshu Qi IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3384-3399 [Online Full Text] Siyu Cao, Xuelei Meng, Hao Peng, Qianyu Wang, Doudou Wang, and Tianshu Qi, "From Causal Discovery to Risk Warning: An Interpretable Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks for Railway Dispatching Safety," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3384-3399, 2025
Research on the Operation Plan of Multi-level Rail Transit Across Lines Shuoyue Gao, Changfeng Zhu, Yunqi Fu, Jie Wang, Linna Cheng, and Rongjie Kuang IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3400-3413 [Online Full Text] Shuoyue Gao, Changfeng Zhu, Yunqi Fu, Jie Wang, Linna Cheng, and Rongjie Kuang, "Research on the Operation Plan of Multi-level Rail Transit Across Lines," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3400-3413, 2025
Comparative Analysis of Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection Techniques Manjula C Belavagi, Jay Veer Singh, Girija Attigeri, and Ramyashree IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3414-3424 [Online Full Text] Manjula C Belavagi, Jay Veer Singh, Girija Attigeri, and Ramyashree, "Comparative Analysis of Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection Techniques," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3414-3424, 2025
Driver State Classification via Multimodal Physiological Signal Fusion and Hybrid Decomposition with 1D CNN-BiGRU Network He Liu, JinTao Yu, and TingWei Liang IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3425-3436 [Online Full Text] He Liu, JinTao Yu, and TingWei Liang, "Driver State Classification via Multimodal Physiological Signal Fusion and Hybrid Decomposition with 1D CNN-BiGRU Network," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3425-3436, 2025
Estimating Close Stock Prices of PT Indosat Tbk Using Newton and Cubic Spline Interpolation Sri Purwani, Astrid Sulistya Azahra, and Willen Vimelia IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3437-3445 [Online Full Text] Sri Purwani, Astrid Sulistya Azahra, and Willen Vimelia, "Estimating Close Stock Prices of PT Indosat Tbk Using Newton and Cubic Spline Interpolation," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3437-3445, 2025
Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Metro Station Area Vitality and Driving Mechanisms of Built Environment Using Multi-Source Data Fusion: A Case Study of Shanghai City Zhiyue Ou, Zhongning Fu, Dongdong Tong, Xiangfei Yang, and Yue Bai IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3446-3462 [Online Full Text] Zhiyue Ou, Zhongning Fu, Dongdong Tong, Xiangfei Yang, and Yue Bai, "Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Metro Station Area Vitality and Driving Mechanisms of Built Environment Using Multi-Source Data Fusion: A Case Study of Shanghai City," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3446-3462, 2025
The Effects of Seat Racks and Buffer Materials on Floating Packaging Parts Swing and Overturning Safety Dapeng Zhu, and Chenghu Wu IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3463-3470 [Online Full Text] Dapeng Zhu, and Chenghu Wu, "The Effects of Seat Racks and Buffer Materials on Floating Packaging Parts Swing and Overturning Safety," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3463-3470, 2025
Evolution of Coal Permeability under Combined Thermo-Mechanical Impact Loading Shiyi Cheng, Fuchao Tian, and Jiahao Su IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 55:10, pp3471-3477 [Online Full Text] Shiyi Cheng, Fuchao Tian, and Jiahao Su, "Evolution of Coal Permeability under Combined Thermo-Mechanical Impact Loading," IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 55, no. 10, pp3471-3477, 2025
IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics welcomes author submission of papers concerning any branch of the applied mathematics and their applications in business, industry and other subjects. The subjects include differential equations (ODEs and PDEs), numerical analysis, scientific computing, approximation theory and representation theory, matrix theory, mathematical physics, mathematical methods of engineering, optimization, operations research, linear and nonlinear programming, continuous modelling control theory, mathematical biology, bioinformatics, information theory, game theory, probability, mathematical economics, financial mathematics, actuarial science, cryptography, graph theory, statistics, theoretical computer science, stochastic systems theory, neuroscience, mechanics of solids, materials science and fluids etc. All submitted papers are to be peer-reviewed for ensuring their qualities.
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